When I started bottom balancing the second battery module, readings were taken on each 1/2 cell. There are two individual groups of pouch cells within each cell that are hooked in series, with each side reading around 3.85 volts to the center terminal or 7.7 volts across the entire cell.
POUCH CELL
ASSEMBLED CELL CUT AWAY
CELL SHOWING THE TERMINALS
SIXTEEN CELL MODULES
When initial readings were take across the entire 16 cell module, it measured 124.5 volts and each of the half cells were within a couple hundredths of a volt of each other, so I assume the Better Place Battery Management System (BMS) was top balancing the individual cells. After draining the entire module down until the lowest cell was 2.6 volts, I let the pack sit for a couple days and took readings on each half cell again, this time trying to identify the highest half cell. The lowest had come up to 2.85 volts and the highest was up to 2.95. By the end of the day the highest cell had come up to 3.04 volts, so I hooked the two 150 watt quartz lights up and drained the pack down until the highest cell was at 2.6 volts. The lowest cell had gone down to 2.45 volts. Then I hooked up the 40 watt bulb and let the voltage start climbing back up at a lower amp draw. Once the voltage climb stopped, I turned off the 40 watt bulb and turned on a 15 watt night light. I always put a note on my computer that the batteries are discharging so I will not forget to stop the drain before going to bed.
I may need to repeat this process several times before the half cells finally stabilize below 3 volts. Once they have set for several days and are all under 3 volts, I will use the Powerlab6 to bring them all up to 3 volts. Kind of like top balancing the bottom, as the Powerlab6 will not automatically shut off at a voltage under 3 volts when charging and if you try and discharge them below 3 volts, they just keep drifting back up. It seems that charging to bring them all to the same level at the bottom works better and gets them all to a more uniform voltage.
The LiMn2O4 cells operate at a higher voltage range that the LiFePo4 cells at at around 3.9 resting voltage (give or take) as opposed the the 3.36 volts of the Lithium Iron Phosphate cells and there isn't a lot of information on bottom balancing LiMn204 cells yet. Jack Rickard of EVTV reported that they just did not want to stabilize below 3 volts and said that is now the voltage he is using, so that is where I came up with using 3 volts.
After an hour or so with the 15 watt night light hooked up the highest cell stabilized at 3.809 volts, so the light was shut off and I will wait until Wednesday night to check all of the individual cells again. By next weekend, if they are all below 3 volts, I will start bringing them all up to 3 volts with the Powerlab6, if not, I will drain the module down until the highest cell is 2.6 volts and wait another week to see if it stabilizes below 3 volts.
Until next time,
Randy
PS. Still searching for the lost connectors!
2 comments:
Randy,
I have 90 Leaf Modules that are good. I used my PowerLab 8 to discharge each half of one of my modules to 2.8 volts each. They did eventually bounce up to like 3.2 volts. I did not like discharging them like that. Too long but I can discharge down to 2.5 at any rate from 1 amp to 40 amps. 40 amps is too high. So I checked the modules and found that they are well matched within each module so I stopped doing the half module charge/discharge routine. So I decided to use my JLD 404 and JLD 5740 (volt) meter to set my upper and lower limit for a discharge and connected them to a contactor/switch and Aux batter for powering the meters and contactor. I set my module so I get to my specified voltage. I am setting rested at 7.1 volts and that makes my module half's 3.55 volts each. Checking my PowerLab 8 however I know that the upper reaches of the cells can be taken to 4.1 volts each half safely. I have taken them to 4.2 volts with no issue at 15amp charging rate. With my discharge setup I am using two motors at 95amps to discharge these and I let it go until the module won't bounce up to above 7.2 volts after 5 minute wait time. I have it cycle until I get at least a 5 minute wait between cycles. That gives a good solid balance and of all the modules I have done they all have well balanced parallel cells in the module. I think you will be totally safe at a total of 8.2 volts per module. That is not full. Also depending upon the amperage you use will depend on how much you actually fill the cells or discharge them. These modules are pretty cool.
Pete :)
Pete, Thanks for the information, how did your leaf cells end up doing in the cold weather last year? We are going to get a cold spell for a few days here in Ohio and I am going to see if it effects the range any. I was getting 20 miles range on the interstate when the temperature was in the 70s so it will be interesting to see if it changes any in the 30's.
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